PRESERVATION AND PROMOTION OF MATERIAL CULTURAL HERITAGE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

Aleksandra Penjišević; Branislav Sančanin; Anita Dimitrijovska Jankulovska; Milica Denkovska

doi:10.35120/sciencej0303117p

Authors

Aleksandra Penjišević Union Nikola Tesla University, Belgrade, Serbia
Branislav Sančanin Medical College of Professional Studies, Belgrade, Serbia
Anita Dimitrijovska Jankulovska MIT University, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
Milica Denkovska Goce Delchev University, Shtip, Republic of North Macedonia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35120/sciencej0303117p

Keywords:

cultural heritage, Serbia, North Macedonia, UNESCO, preservation, promotion

Abstract

This study aims to assess the state of material cultural heritage in the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of North Macedonia, focusing on identification and promotion at both national and international levels, with an emphasis on digitization and improving the register of cultural assets. The recommended approach, which supports sustainable development, not only enables the comprehensive protection of all cultural resources, adding new value, but also minimizes the risk of permanent loss. The authors stress the importance of ongoing efforts to identify previously undiscovered cultural heritage and protect it from damage, decay, neglect, and theft. Given that cultural heritage is continuously exposed to natural elements and human activities, policymakers are encouraged to further raise awareness of cultural values and recognize threats arising from the short-term interests of local communities, which might result in erosion and loss of protected cultural monuments and landscapes.

The research utilized an opportunistic, convenience sampling method, surveying residents of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of North Macedonia across five or eight regions (n₁=163, n₂=96, n=259). The findings revealed that 77% of respondents believe the protection of material cultural heritage is inadequate. Citizens of the Republic of Serbia identified unsatisfactory maintenance and a lack of financial resources as the greatest threats, while respondents from the Republic of North Macedonia pointed to unsatisfactory maintenance and weak enforcement of management regulations as their primary concerns. The research also indicated that individuals with advanced degrees (Magister, Master, and Doctor of Science) have a better understanding of material cultural heritage. Overall, the primary cause cited for a good knowledge of material cultural heritage was an interest in customs and traditions, while the key reason for insufficient knowledge was the lack of media representation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Cohen, J. W. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd edn). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Gravetter, F. J., Wallnau, L. B. (2004, 2012). Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences (10th ed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

година)

Zakon o kulturnom nasleđu. (2021). Službeni list RS, br. 129/2021.

ICOMOS. (2005). Threats to world heritage sites 1994-2004: an analysis, international council on monuments and sites.

Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia. Immovable cultural property – IMP. Available at: https://www.heritage.gov.rs/english/nepokretna_kulturna_dobra.php (Accessed date: August 10, 2024)

Sančanin, B. (2019). Historical Heritage in The Function of Developing Cultural Tourism. The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences, 5(5), 6-12. Amman, Jordan. Available at:

file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/Historical_Heritage_in_The_Function_of_D.pdf (Accessed date: August 5, 2024)

Sančanin, B. & Penjišević, A. (2023). Media promotion in the function of preserving cultural heritage from the UNESCO list: Statistical findings and analisis. In: (Sančanin, B. Ed.) Thematic proceedings: The Fourth International Scientific Conference “The of media interpretation for the promotion of cultural heritage”(11-34). https://doi.org/10.18485/akademac_nsk.2023.4.ch1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18485/akademac_nsk.2023.4.ch1

Schmutz, V., & Elliott, M.A. (2016). Tourism and Sustainbility in the Evaluation of World Heritage Sites, 1980-2010. Sustainbility, 8(3), 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030261 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030261

Спасевски, В. (2019). Заштитените споменици на културата во Делчево. Достапно на: https://delcevo365.mk/2019/10/26/фото-заштитените-споменици-на-култур/ (Датум на пристап: 11. август UNESCO. (2016). Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List/Serbia. Available at:

https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/rs (Accessed date: August 6, 2024)

UNESCO. (2017). Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage – North Macedonia. Available at:

https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists?text=&country[]=00129&multinational=3#tabs (Accessed date: August 10, 2024)

UNESCO. (2019). Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List – North Macedonia. Available at:

https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/mk (Accessed date: August 9, 2024)

UNESCO. (2022). Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage - Serbia. Available at:

https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists?text=&country[]=00237&multinational=3#tabs (Accessed date: August 10, 2024)

UNESCO. (2023). List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Available at: https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists (Accessed date: August 10, 2024)

UNESCO. (2024). World Heritage List. Available at: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ (Accessed date: August 8, 2024)

Управа за заштита на културното наследство (2023). Регистрирани недвижни добра по надлежност на националните установи. Достапно на: https://web.archive.org/web/20230407105431/http://uzkn.gov.mk/mk/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/ registrirano-nedvizno-kulturno-nasledstvo.pdf (Датум на пристап: 4 август 2024 година)

Xiao, W., Mills, J., Guidi, G., Rodriguez-Gonzalvez, P., Gonizzi Barsanti, S., Gonzalez-Aguilera, D. (2018). Geoinformatics for the conservation and promotion of cultural heritage in support of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Sensing, 142, 389-406 https://doi.org/10.1016/isprs.2018.01.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.01.001